How and When to Use French Possessive Pronouns

Essay on Childhood Memories of a Family Camping Trip

The smell of campfire smoke lingers in my nostrils. The breeze moves through the trees, creating a melody for all to hear. The bubbling sound of a brook can be heard far in the distance. Peace and tranquility settle upon my soul, and I feel that everything is right. Nature wraps its arms around me and I feel safe and comforted. I soon hear the sounds of childrens laughter and the whooshing of bicycles going by. I finally open my eyes and pull myself out of my sleeping bag. Goosebumps cover my flesh immediately, and I hurry to change into my jeans and sweatshirt. Once I am dressed in my camping attire, I decide to venture out to the cool, crisp mountain air. I take a deep breath and inhale the all-encompassing freshness of morning at†¦show more content†¦The sweet smells of hot chocolate and coffee fill the air. Everyone sits around the table and becomes immersed in their own conversations. As I sit at the table, I stare off to the west at the picturesque mountains surrounding me; the mountains that look like God hand-painted just for me. The blue of the mountains blend in perfectly with the green of the trees, and the sun gleaming across them creates a heavenly glow. This is truly a place covered in Gods fingerprints. I look back at the people surrounding me. I hear my grandpas laughter after my Uncle Rocky tells another of his crazy jokes. I see my grandmas content, peaceful smile. I look into my moms eyes and see enlightenment. I feel so lucky to be surrounded by the people I love most in a place that words cannot even come close to describing. This is my Venice, my Paris, the place I see in my dreams. The day passes in leisure and contentedness. The biggest concerns are the pesky flies and the occasional bike wreck. With a little lethal smell of bug spray, Neosporin and Band-Aids, even these concerns vanish. Most of the day is spent in laughter and tales of adventures and misadventures. The sun rests its head on the mountains and then falls asleep. We all gather around the campfire again. The orange-red sparks leap off the wood and make a crackling sound. Smoke begins to traverse among us andShow MoreRelatedJulio Rivera s Life And Life922 Words   |  4 Pagesbe more relaxed and have more time and energy to be with the family. Francisca was described as the usual mother figure. A woman who was home every day and more strict, especially with things like schoolwork. Julio describes a close family that was open and communicative. A family that he trusted and had fun with that honored family, honesty, love and responsibility which he continues to hold fast today. He remembers camping, family trips, and celebrating birthdays. Growing up there was always someoneRead MoreChildhood Memories Of My Childhood1046 Words   |  5 PagesSome of my fondest childhood memories are of camping trips my parents would take me on starting at a very young age. These memories consist of walking a dark forest trail in the middle of the night, black bags hanging from the hands of all the young children with hopes of catching the mysterious snipe that had been roaming the woods, gathering around warm fires on cool nights with people you barely know and hearing out their past adventures, hoping to one day to take their place with adventurousRead MoreGetting Away And Going Camping With The Family1966 Words   |  8 PagesGetting away and going camping with the family can be a very rewarding time, not to mention a ton of fun. But if you have a toddler that you must take with you, it will present a set of unique problems. You will need to keep your toddler occupied, safe, and entertained. Here s how. 1. Don t try and travel too far at one time with a toddler in the car. Three hours of traveling is about the limit for a toddler. You will then need to stop and get out of the car. Give the toddler some time to moveRead MoreDialogue At the Travel Agency1436 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious destinations for newly married from traditional seaside resorts and sightseeing tours to camping and staying in countryside. O – Oh, it’s grand. Tell us please about them all. S – No, camping is not counted. I can’t stand all those mosquitos and midges, the ground with a bump under your hip and a hollow under your head, tents which flap all night in the wind and so on, and so on. O – Hmm...I like camping, but really it sounds not very romantically for the honeymoon. L – Actually you’re mistakenRead MoreMental Health And Physical And Sexual Abuse971 Words   |  4 PagesMedical: Joshua Beavers had a physical completed by Amudha Palani, M.D., TPMG Hidenwood Family Medicine, located in Newport News, Virginia on 06/30/2015. It is Dr. Palani’s opinion that Mr. Beavers is physically and emotionally able to foster/adopt and assume the additional responsibilities of caring for foster children on a full time basis. Joseph Beavers completed a T.B. Risk Assessment on 07/30/2015; the test results were â€Å"free from tuberculosis†. The test was completed at Patient First, locatedRead MoreEssay On Wilderness1329 Words   |  6 Pagesthe pressures of our fast-paced society. This no man’s land provides us with places where we can seek relief from the noise, haste and crowds that too often confine us. It is a place for us to enjoy with friends and families — strengthening our relationships and building lasting memories.† This is the true definition of wilderness in my mind. It is nothing that we must consider wild, but instead is a place that we rejuvenate and find ourselves. There should be no fear of something that is differentRead MoreIs Softball Ruled Over My Life?1589 Words   |  7 Pagescentering my power to hit the ball with all the force I could muster. Unfortunately and fortunately, my father coached every team I played on from T-ball to fast-pitch. At every game, he observed my mechanics and hand-eye coordination, and this pulled memories of watching my brother hit numerous home r uns and make game-winning outs from his mind. On nearly all of the car rides home, he would tell me â€Å"You remind me so much of Dusty. I see him the way you throw, in the way you hit the ball, and the wayRead MoreCase Analysis : Criminal Offender Profiling 1207 Words   |  5 PagesMeirhofer in Manhattan, Montana. Personal interviews with several of Meirhofer’s surviving relatives provided a look into the childhood of this troubled man. Meirhofer’s aunt, Layne Meirhofer-Greeney said, â€Å"David had a relatively normal childhood upbringing. He was raised just as any of us kids. He wasn’t abused or neglected, and had traditional Catholic values. We had frequent family gatherings, and always included David. As kids, we were very close† (L.Meirhofer-Greeney, personal communication, OctoberRead MoreOnce More Of The Lake2211 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Once More to the Lake† is a short essay written by E.B. White for his column in the New Yorker, One Man’s Meat. â€Å"Once More to the Lake† is a story about a father who is taking his son to his childhood vacation spot. On the trip, the father finds himself inside the memories of his past. Throughout the trip, the father finds differences in the lake from when he was a child. While much of E.B. Whit e s essay is set in the present, the author explores his own mortality as he looks both to the past andRead MoreMy Life - Original Writing1159 Words   |  5 Pages past all of the tracks and all of my classmates and peers, to the posterior of them all, where my assigned seat was next to Noah and Travis. I was ecstatic; not because of the graduation, but school finally coming to an end. Me and my family were going on a trip to Myrtle Beach for the week after school would end. I couldn’t wait for the clear diamond blue skies, the avocado green palm trees on the ocean, warm tan colored sand, fresh salty blue seas, the gorgeous views from our hotel. I took

Ra One- the Extra-Ordinary Sales Promotion by Srk Free Essays

string(48) " also available for purchase on the official G\." RA ONE- The extra-ordinary sales promotion by SRK I’ve often heard people say, film-making is nothing short of a gamble. And as any gambler will tell you, you’ve got to gamble huge to triumph huge. Going by this logic, Shah Rukh Khan is The Supreme Gambler of the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Ra One- the Extra-Ordinary Sales Promotion by Srk or any similar topic only for you Order Now What’s at stake, beside the big money invested in RA. ONE of course, is a dream, a vision, an aspiration to make a film which appeals to kids and kids at heart. In short, attempt a film that appeals to the universal audience. At the same time, it ought to raise the bar for Hindi films. Also at stake is SRK’s once-unchallenged supremacy as the reigning idol of Bollywood and that elusive thing called reputation. When you invest your repute in your dream project and stick your neck out, you expect nothing short of a mega-success. â€Å"I had a very clear of how we’ll market it. The first clarity was that we won’t have too many images of the film. I didn’t want it to be cluttered. I didn’t want it to be a hero and a heroine and their son. This is a superhero film and we had to introduce that. Whether people like it or not, my marketing thought is if you keep something in front of people for too long, they get used to it. So there was this big fear — when my costume comes out and me with blue eyes, will it be liked? Small considerations like this which you don’t think about while making the film, but when it comes out, people say, â€Å"you know what, your dadhee (beard) isn†t working at all†. SRK The daily promotional strategy of the media savvy Shah Rukh Khan seems to be working when it comes to publicizing his film ‘Ra. One’. He has pushed the film in every way possible – through multiple co-branding deals, in-film plans, promotional tie ups, marketing strategies, gaming and merchandising and much more. The ‘Ra. One’ous appetite of King Khan seems to be insatiable and everyone is being a part of it, whether they understand it or not. The film is thus ending up as the most promoted film till date â€Å"SRK’s strategy is similar to several Hollywood biggies where promotions start several months before release. Typically, big star cast movies and mega-budget releases such as Bodyguard, Singham etc start their marketing around eight weeks before release. But SRK has taken marketing to a whole new level for a Bollywood movie,† says Pritie Jadhav, chief operating officer, P9 Integrated – a division of Percept. The makers of Ra. One are on a marketing blitzkrieg Eros International and Shah Rukh Khan’s Red Chillies Entertainment have brand tie-ups for Ra. One to the tune of Rs. 52 crore of which Rs 12-15 crore has been earmarked for online promotion, an advertising executive involved with the promotion of the movie said on condition of anonymity. Brand tie-ups that the marketing spends of the film have been considerably subsidised. Some of the brands with whom tie-ups have been effected are Sony PlayStation, YouTube, Nerolac, McDonald’s, Western Union Money Transfer, UTV Indiagames, Videocon, Nokia, Coke, ESPN Star Sports and Cinthol. Eros and Red Chillies have recovered part of their huge investment in the film through in-film branding, media endorsements, pre-licensing of cable TV and satellite rights, music and other rights Promotion of the film officially began as early as December 2010 when the first poster was published in all leading news papers across the country. The film’s first look was later unveiled by Khan on his Twitter page on January 1, 2011. Several months later, director Anubhav Sinha announced that he would be launching two teaser trailers of the film during the 2011 Cricket World Cup, a prior nine months before the film’s actual release date. Ra. One is not a Bollywood film that [the audiences] have seen before. The kind of size and magnitude that the film has requires it to be slowly introduced to the audience and that is the very purpose why we are starting the whole communication so early. â€Å"says Anubhav Sinha The film’s first theatrical trailer was released three months later to the public. As a way to promote the theatrical trailer, Khan was accompanied by the director on a five city tour, which included such places like Delhi, Chandigarh, Indore and Ahmedabad. During the same event, a 3600  ft long fan mail collecting audience wishes and messages for the film was also launched. Strategies which have caught the imagination of a population of over a billion Indians * Online Promotions: Approx INR 52crore is the estimated total budget shelled out for Ra. One’s marketing, in which INR 15 crore is for online promotions. Usually Bollywood film promotions only starts eight weeks before release but SRK took it in the Hollywood way, from January of this year with his first appearance in Twitter. Later it was the Facebook Fan page that started off its promotion from March SRK and Google – YouTube announced a partnership deal on mutual benefits basis. An exclusive video was created by Red Chillies (Khan’s production company) and was integrated into the YouTube Channel (Ra. One Youtube Channel). The company launched the official customized Ra. One channel of the film on YouTube(a first for an Indian film) where several song and theatrical promos were released to the public, along with videos of the film’s making, events and uncut footage. The channel also hosts games, including the first social game from India, and contests where participants can create promos from clips, music and dialogues of the film. * Merchandise: As a way to promote the film and increase its franchising business, Shahrukh Khan tied up with Seventymm to market a variety of merchandises related to the film. Products included original G. One tee shirts, coffee mugs, wrist bands, watches, mobile pouches, video cameras, as well as many other things. Similar products were also available for purchase on the official G. You read "Ra One- the Extra-Ordinary Sales Promotion by Srk" in category "Papers" One online store, which was launched alongside the film’s official website. [90% of the 400. 000 stationery items and toys were sold in 15 days and 100. 000 more have been ordered. The makers spent 1. 5 crore on the mold for the G. One action figure. In addition to this, a jewelery line inspired by the symbol of â€Å"Ra. One†,as well as a series of HCL laptops with customized integrated Ra. One skin[59]were also made available to the public. These products are designed in-house by Red Chillies, and have been manufactured in China. By October, 50 products will be sold in more than 3,500 stores and e-commerce sites. Comics: Red Chillies Entertainment collaborated with UTV Indiagames to develop digital comics based on the film’s characters. Written by Khan, the comic featured weekly episodes and served as a prequel to the events happening in the movie * Video games: RA. ONE continues to surprise the Indian audience with new innovations on a continued basis. Red Chi llies Entertainment had declared a tie-up with Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE) to build a full cycle game on PlayStation platform. The video game version of the movie will be called ‘RA. ONE–The Game‘ and will be available on PS2 and PS3 (through PSN download). This is a newer direction for Bollywood to create a win-win strategy of both promoting the film as well as create a brand extension strategy for RA. ONE. The film, with its super hero touches, is appropriate to seamlessly use the PlayStation platform and connect with the In youth. * Print adds and billboards: Print ads have been booked in all leading publications while 1,700 billboards will show the superstar in his superhero gear. This by far the largest collaboration in terms of in terms of billboards for any movie . Somthing or the other we read about the movie everday . * â€Å"Bharat Bhraman† Tour: Shahrukh Khan is places for Ra. One. The King Khan has started his bharat bhraman and caught with his fans from Kolkata to Delhi. Shahrukh covered cities like Vadodara, Gujarat; earlier he was in Chennai for ‘Ra. One’ audio launch in Tamil; and he was in the cities Bangalore , Jaipur and Bhopal Vadodara. SRK did a 36-city tour, which will include several foreign destinations, and one of the highlights of these events will be a 3,600-feet-long fan mail collecting audience wishes and messages. Mobile Engagements and application: iPhone / iPad app for the fans, in collaboration with UTV’s Indiagames. To talk about the app – Ra. One is an arcade first-person shooter game where you can play as G. One to shoot bad guys down with their team leader Ra. One. The game comprises of three terrains – Trainyard, London Bridge and Wasteland with a total of 89 levels (called Waves in the game), starting with Wave 1 and unlocking as you complete each level. Movie themes ,songs , games , wallpapers all of which form a part of mobile engagments are easily accessible over the net * Television promotions: Appearances in three major shows (Just Dance , SA RE GA MA PA Lil Champs. Indias Got Talent)in 3 entertainment channels to participating in ‘kaun bangea corerpati’. Interviews and teasers are a constasnt attraction nowdays for the viewers . Televison promotion is playing a big role in promoting the film * Selling movie rights: Even before its release, Ra. One managed to earn a revenue of Rs132 crore simply by giving away the rights of the movie. The brand equity of film star Shahrukh Khan is unparalleled and his presence in the movie gives a huge boost to distributors and companies to get associated with the brand. Star India got the rights for Ra. One at around Rs40 crore. Apart from this, the music rights were bought for Rs15 crore by T-Series. The producers got a whopping Rs77 crore from Eros Entertainment to own the distribution rights of the movie * Release and Premiere: The movie would be released at over 3000 screens in India and over 1000 screens overseas. Apart from this, premieres at international destinations like Dubai, Toronto and London, which have a high popularity for Indian films are on cards. Due to various new marketing strategies adopted by the producers of the movie, Ra. One managed to generate a lot of positive word of mouth. If not for its success, this movie would definitely prove to be a landmark in the Indian film industry for its advertising and marketing strategies. Will promotional overdrive harm ‘RA. One’? They need to remain prepared to face the severe criticism if they fail to live up to the expectation by even a bit, and it will be difficult to match the hype because they have unveiled almost everything about ‘RA. One’. Audience expectations build up with such a high intensity campaign and the risk is that even a small disconnect can boomerang. That’s not the climax the producers would look forward to. The expections are have increased so much that if the film does not fair according to the standards set by the movie then the audience will feel cheated . Nevertheless the first reactions have come in from the trade analyst and they are optimistic about the film. â€Å"Wow! Brilliant! Mesmerising! Leaves u dumbfounded! Blockbuster! Indian cinema bar raisd! Saw portions of RA. . SRK surpasses himself. †- komal Nahata Watched more than an hour of #RaOne. Left me amazed. Technological breakthrough. At par with intl films. A superhero film that’s super! † – Taran Adarsh These reaction about the movie is only going to create a good word of mouth about the film and this will lead to audience booking there tickets Conclusion All said and done u like the promotions or not but u simply cant ignore the movie. Shahrukh Khan along with his team has made us think about the differentiated strategy implemented across the country . The strategy is here to stay . It has layed down a path that will make other filmmakers to think . As far as the box office collection goes it’s a sure short blockbuster. References * Saxena, Manjari (2011-10-24). â€Å"Ra. One: Shah Rukh Khan has another winner†. Gulf News. Retrieved 2011-10-24. * â€Å"SRK concentrates on Ra. One†. Filmfare. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2010-08-22. * Press Trust of India (2011-10-21). â€Å"SRK turns salesman to sell ‘RA. One’ merchandise†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-21. * Ra. One: Exclusive Authentic Movie Merchandise†. Seventymm. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Adarsh, Taran (2011-10-21). â€Å"SRK, Eros take ‘Ra. One’ to next level†. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 2011-10-21. * Bhat, Varada (2011-09-19). â€Å"Bollywoods longest promotion†. Business Standard. Retrieved 2011-09-19. * â€Å"Shah Rukh meets fans on Google Plus Hangout for RA. One chat†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Shinde, Shivani (2011-08-30). â€Å"India’s first social game for Ra. One†. Business Standard. Retrieved 2011-08-29. * Baksi, Dibyojyoti (2011-10-14). â€Å"SRK’s discovery speaks up about RA. One†. Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2011-10-15. * Jamkhandikar, Shilpa (2011-10-13). â€Å"A Minute With: Shah Rukh Khan†. Reuters. Retrieved 2011-10-13. * RA. One’s rampage. Prannoy Roy Publications. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Joshi, Tushar (2011-10-18). â€Å"RA. One gets an addition†. The Times of India. Retrieved 2011-10-18 * NDTV Correspondent (2011-10-13). â€Å"I am SRK†. NDTV. Prannoy Roy Publications. Retrieved 2011-10-13. * Press Trust of India (2011-10-14). â€Å"Ra. One gets Rs 52-cr promotional push†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-14. How to cite Ra One- the Extra-Ordinary Sales Promotion by Srk, Papers

Information Technology Storage Devices free essay sample

Storage Functions of secondary storage Secondary storage also called auxiliary storage or backing storage is used to store data and instructions when they are not being processed. Secondary storage is much cheaper than primary storage and is also used to back up for later use. Storage media Storage media are the physical hardware on which a computer keeps data, instructions and information. E. g. a CD, a DVD, a floppy disk, hard disk. Storage device Storage devices record and retrieve data, instructions and information to and from storage media. Accessing Files Serial access means the records are accessed in the order in which they were stored. To read a serial file a computer has to read each record until it reaches the one required. Sequential access means reading or writing data consecutively. With sequential access the records are in a particular order and the records are accessed in sequence. Magnetic tape is accessed sequentially. Direct access or random access it is possible to go directly to a record without having to look at any other records. Magnetic disks, optical disks Zip disks The Zip disk is a medium-capacity removable disk storage system that was introduced by Iomega in late 1994. Originally, Zip disks launched with capacities of 100  MB, but later versions increased this to first 250  MB and then 750  MB. It is a small portable disk. Zip drives are used to backup important data. Advantages * Inexpensive (general) * Can transfer large files from one computer to another * Backup Disadvantages * Cost more than DVd’s or CDR’s * Not many computers have zip drives any more Magnetic Tape Magnetic tape is a ribbon of plastic material coated with a metal oxide film on which data is recorded as magnetized or unmagnified spots. The magnetized spots represent ones and the unmagnetized spots represent zeros. In microcomputers tapes are stored in cartridges. On mainframe computers the tape is stored on reels or cartridges. Magnetic tape cartridges can hold up to 1. 6TB Advantages * Reusable * Easy to transport and store * Cheap * Used for backups or archives Disadvantages * Sequential access * Limited shelf life- 2 years * Must be stored properly in a suitable environment away from smoke dust and humidity * Difficult to update files(cannot make a change to a record without saving over the entire tape) The diagram for representing data on magnetic tape is in the textbook page 10 chapter 3. Floppy disks A 3. 5 inch floppy disk is a removal flexible plastic disk coated with a magnetized material. The disk is contained in a hard plastic case. The term floppy refers back to the 5. 24 â€Å"diskettes that were used in the 1980’s and were actually soft and flexible. Each disk contains a number of concentric rings known as tracks. The tracks are divided into pizza slices called sectors. Data is stored as magnetized or unmagnetized spots. They are used to transfer data between computers and for backup of files. They are slow to access because of slow rotation speeds. They hold 1. 44 MB hold data. Advantages * Direct access * Small * Portable * Suitable for backup * Erasable, reusable and rewritable Disadvantages * Small storage capacity * Limited shelf life * Slow read/write speeds Before a disk is used to stored data it must be formatted. Formatting is the process of preparing a disk to receive and store data. When a disk is formatted the following happens: * All data on the disk is from a erased * The surface of the disk is checked for any physical and magnetic defects. Care of floppy disks * Keep your disks away from liquids, dust, dirt Do not bend disks or handle them roughly * Take care when removing or inserting a disk from a computer’s disk drive * Keep disks in a disk box * Do not leave in the drive Fixed Hard disk Thin rigid, inflexible disks made of polished metal. The surface of each disk platter is covered with a substance that can be magnetized allowing data to be stored as magnetized or unmagnetized spots. Like a floppy a har d disk must be formatted to set up the tracks and sectors. It is faster than a floppy disk because it rotates at a much faster speed. Fixed hard disks can store up to 1 TB. Hard disk The access time from a spinning disk with one read/write head is a combination of: Seek time How long it takes the head to get to the right track Rotational delay or latency time How long it takes for the data to rotate under the head Transmission time The time taken to read the data and transmit it to the CPU. Advantages * Direct access * Fast data transfer speeds * Vast storage capacity * Up to one terabyte Disadvantages * Not Portable Another type of hard disk is the external hard disk. An external hard disk can be used if there is no space in the system unit to house another hard isk. It may come with its own power source and is connected to the system via a special cable. External hard disks can be easily removed and connected to another computer, thereby giving them a certain amount of portability and flexibility of use. Diagrams showing how data is stored on magnetic disks The data is stored in concentric rings called tracks. Disk Sector: each side of the disk is divided into wedge – shaped slices called sectors. A track sector is an area of intersection of a track and a sector. A cluster: is a set of track sectors. A hard disk is a set of hard metal disks mounted on the same spindle. A cylinder is a set of matched tracks on all the disks. Optical disks Disks read by laser lights. They are made up of a type of plastic polycarbonate. The data is stored on a layer inside the plastic. A metal coating usually aluminum reflects the laser light back to a sensor. Main types of optical disks are Cd’s, DVD’s, and blu -ray disks. Advantages * Direct access * Fast data transfer speeds * Vast storage capacity compared to diskettes * Portable * Unaffected by magnetic fields Disadvantages Data on a Cd-ROM cannot be changed * Access times are slower than hard drives CD- ROM Compact Disk read only Memory The user can only read or access what is on the disk, nothing can be changed. The data is encoded and read optically with a low intensity laser light. The data is represented as a series of pits and lands. A pit is a little depression formed by the laser burning into the data layer when the Cd is created. The land is the part between the pits. Reading a Cd is done by shining a laser light at the disk and detecting the changing reflective patterns. When it reflects off the smooth surface land it is interpreted as a 1 bit. When the laser enters a pit there is no reflection it is interpreted as a 0. The speed of a CD- ROM is indicated by a number followed by an X. e. g. 48X, 50X. The higher the number the faster the disk spins. CD’s are used to store software, multimedia. Stores approximately 750 MB. CD-R Compact disk recordable Allows the user to write data onto the disk ONCE using a burner. The disk then becomes a CD-ROM and the contents cannot be changed. Used to create music CD’s. Stores approximately 750 800 MB CD-RW Compact disk Rewritable The data layer uses a phase changing metal alloy film. By using a high intensity laser light the film can be melted to level out the marks made by the laser burner when the data was stored. New data can be recorded using a low intensity light to burn new data. The user can erase and write to the disks many times. Used for backup. DVD Digital versatile Disk DVD- ROM DVD – R DVD – RW They are similar to CD’s but can hold more data. The tracks on a DVD are closer together thus allowing more tracks. Pits are smaller on a DVD. This means many more pits. The DVD stores approximately 4. 7 GB 17GB. Used to store Movies. CD –ROM –ROM and DVD – ROM ( more specific advantages and disadvantages Advantages * They hold far more data than floppy disks. * They are less expensive than hard disks Disadvantages * They data transfer rate and data access times are slower than for hard disks. CD-R and DVD –R ( more specific advantages and disadvantages) Advantages * CD-R and DVD-R are cheaper than the RW’s Disadvantages * They can only. be recorded once, so if an error occurs then the disk has to be thrown away CD-RW and DVD –RW (specific advantages and disadvantages) Advantages * They can be used many times Disadvantages * It is possible to overwrite data Blu- Ray Capacity 25 GB 50GB. It is suitable for recording, rewriting high definition videos. While Cd’s and DVD’s rely on a red laser to read and write, Blu- ray uses a blue violet laser. Advantages * Direct access * Fast data access speed is faster than with other optical media * Vast storage capacity * Portable * Users can copy the content of a disk a limited number of times Disadvantages * Expensive Care of Optical disks * CD’s DVD’s should be stored in their cases when not in use to prevent them from being scratched or getting dirty. * Avoid soiling the surface of the disk – hold it by the edge * Keep your CD’s clean by gently wiping both sides with a clean damp cloth from the centre to the outer edge * Do not write on the top side of the Cd with a ball point pen or other hard object as this can damage the CD. Use a CD marker instead. * Do not expose a Cd to high temperature or humidity for an extended period of time. Flash Memory It is based on EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory) Flash memory is Non- volatile. Reading and writing to flash memory is very fast. This is because data in flash memory can be erased a block at a time instead of only a single byte at a time as is the case with EEPROM. Flash memory got its name because a block of memory cells is erased in a single action of flash. Flash memory cards are used in digital cameras. These include compact flash, SmartMedia, MultiMediaCard. Flash memory is also used in PC’s, cell phones PDA’s, MP3 players and video game consoles. Capacity -2GB – 16 GB. Advantages * Small * Portable * High data transfer speeds to PC’s * Large storage capacity * Direct access Disadvantages * Limited storage compared to a hard disk * May need special software to be used with PC’s USB drive This is a type of flash memory storage device which is called flash drive, flash pen, thumb drive, key drive, USB drive. They are small and plug into a USB port. Capacity 16 GB. Advantages * Easy to use * Convenient * Large storage capacity * Plug and play * Fast access * Direct Access Disadvantages * Easy to lose * Not possible to write protect the data