Youth Subcultures free essay sample

In humanism, humanities and social investigations, a subculture is a gathering of individuals with a culture (regardless of whether unmistakable or covered up) which separates them from the bigger culture to which they have a place. Six key manners by which subcultures can be distinguished: 1. Through their frequently negative relations to function (as inert, parasitic, at play or at recreation, and so on ); 2. Through their negative or irresolute connection to class (since subcultures are not class-cognizant and dont adjust to customary class definitions); 3. Through their relationship with region (the road, the hood, the club, and so forth , instead of property; 4. Created their development out of the home and into non-local types of having a place (I. E. Social gatherings other than the family); 5. The unpleasant their expressive connections to overabundance and embellishment (with certain exemptions); 6. Through their refusal of the baa annalist Of conventional life and amplification. The investigation Of subcultures regularly comprises of the investigation of imagery appended to apparel, music and other noticeable gestures by individuals from subcultures, and furthermore the manners by which these equivalent images are deciphered by individuals from the prevailing society. We will compose a custom article test on Youth Subcultures or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As per Dick Hebrides, individuals from a subculture frequently signal beneficiary participation through a particular and representative utilization of style, which incorporates designs, quirks, and dialect. Subcultures can exist at all degrees of associations, featuring the way that there are numerous societies or worth blends normally obvious in any one association that can supplement yet in addition rival the general authoritative culture.In a few cases, subcultures have been enacted against, and their exercises managed or shortened Sexual subcultures The sexual insurgency of the 1 backtalk prompted a countercultures dismissal of the set up sexual and sex standards, articulacy in the urban territories of Europe, North and South America, Australia, and white South Africa. An increasingly lenient social condition in these zones prompted a multiplication of sexual subcultures-?social articulations of non-regularizing sexuality.As with different subcultures, sexual subcultures received certain styles of design and motions to recognize them from the standard. Gay people communicated through the gay culture, thought about the biggest sexual subculture of the twentieth century. With the regularly expanding acknowledgment of homosexuality in the mid 21st century, remembering its appearances for style, music, and structure, the gay culture can never again be viewed as a subculture in numerous pieces of the world, albeit a few parts of gay culture like cowhide men, bears, and feeders are viewed as subcultures inside the gay development itself.The butch and femme characters or jobs among certain lesbians additionally incite their own subculture with cliché clothing, for example drag rulers. A late 1 9805 turn of events, the eccentric development can be viewed as a subculture comprehensively incorporating those that dismiss normatively in sexual conduct, and who commend perceivability and activism. The more extensive development concurred with developing scholarly interests in eccentric investigations and strange theory.Aspects of sexual subcul tures can differ along other social lines. For example, in the United States, the term down-low is utilized to allude to African-American men who don't distinguish themselves with the gay or eccentric societies, yet who practice gay cruising, and receive a particular hip-jump clothing during this movement An adolescent subculture is a young based subculture with unmistakable styles, practices, and interests. Youth subcultures offer members a personality outside of that attributed by social establishments, for example, family, work, home and school. Youth subcultures that demonstrate an efficient antagonistic vibe toward the predominant culture are some of the time depicted as countercultures. Youth subcultures are regularly recognized by components, for example, style, convictions, slang, tongues or practices. Vehicles - ? for example, vehicles, bikes, bikes or skateboards - ? have assumed focal jobs in certain young subcultures.In the Ignited Kingdom in the backtalk, mind-sets were related with bikes while rockers were related with cruisers. Explicit music types are related with numerous young subcultures, for example, punks, raves, metatheses and Goths. The investigation of subcultures Often comprises Of the investigation Of he imagery appended to attire, music, other obvious expressions of love by individuals from the subculture, and furthermore the manners by which these equivalent i mages are deciphered by individuals from the predominant culture. Financial class, sex, knowledge, similarity and ethnicity can be significant corresponding to youth subcultures. Youth subcultures can be characterized as importance frameworks, methods of articulation or ways of life created by bunches in subordinate basic situations in light of predominant frameworks - ? what's more, which mirror their endeavor to settle basic inconsistencies ascending from the more extensive cultural setting.

Checkmate free essay sample

Callie Rose battles with growing up as a nothing and, when she learns reality with regards to her nothing fathers life from her companion Tobey; who calls her a psychological militants girl, she loses control with her mom Sephy for concealing reality and chooses to follow Callums way with her new detest filled character. She likewise removes her fellowship with nothing Tobey, paying little heed to how sorry he is. Sephy feels caught and dismisses a proposal of marriage from her sweetheart Sonny. Sephy then meets Nathan, the proprietor of the café where she sings, and the two beginning a relationship. Callie Rose pulls back into her uncle Judes grasps and he prepares her to turn into a self destruction aircraft so as to kill Sephys father, Kamal Hadley. In the mediating years, Jude had become the General, the fearsome administrator of the Liberation Militia nothing guerrillas. Callie Rose beginnings dating the Cross Lucas, an ex companions sibling. We will compose a custom exposition test on Checkmate or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Jasmine Hadley, Sephys mother, does what she can to bring Callie and Sephy closer together yet creates bosom malignant growth and battles with her life. In a snapshot of shortcoming she drinks a glass of wine, breaking her past promise to never drink liquor again. Nathan proposes to Sephy, and she acknowledges; however then Sonny appears in her life again and she is left befuddled yet locked in. In the long run, Sephy is given a letter composed by Callum before he was hanged. It is the letter communicating his actual emotions. The letter Sephy got in the subsequent book had been an endeavor to convince Sephy to proceed onward after his demise. In this letter it is uncovered that Callum did, in fact, love her more than anything. At long last, Sephy and Callie Rose resume their relationship while Jude and Jasmine (in torment from malignancy) pass on together when Jasmine sets off Callies bomb, so as to keep Jude from harming Callie and Sephy any more. Likewise, Kamal Hadleys endeavor to turn into the following executive in the following political race is thwarted when his ex Jasmine enlightens the press concerning his tricky past, and a portion of the arrangements he was associated with.

On Monochromatic Reading Lists

On Monochromatic Reading Lists Scanning through my Twitter feed recently, I came across a Time.com message touting 35 Books Everyone Should Read in Their Lifetime. List lover that I am, I dove in, eager to refresh my to-be-read pile. Instead, I found the same old, same old: an overwhelmingly white and male list. It featured just three women authors â€" Harper Lee, Margaret Atwoood, L.M. Montgomery. Haruki Murakami was the lone person of color. Irritated, I replied: “I hope this is a first draft and you plan to do some soul searching about the bias you just put on blast.” I wrongly assumed that the whitewashed list, like so many others every year, was a sole author’s creation. Turns out, the real origin was more interesting. Time reprinted a Business Insider article summarizing a Reddit thread that asked, “What is a book that everyone needs to read at least once in their life?” A. Reddit. Thread. It’s bad enough that mainstream media reporters consistently develop and deliver whitewashed must-read lists on their own. (Witness this New York Times summer reading list.) But promoting third-party roundups of content produced on the same site as CoonTown feels like a new low. (Reddit only recently shut down some of its racist communities earlier this month.) This case highlights the intractability of bringing diverse authors to prominence. It’s not enough to persuade influential book reviewers to integrate their lists, hoping the spirit of inclusion trickles down to everyday readers not when major publications promote user-generated lists that are just as pale. Promoting diverse authors is a top-down, bottom-up, round-and-round battle fought in short-range, hand-to-hand. Forgive the war analogies, but the erasure of legions of authors feels like a kind of violence. Just today I received an all-white summer reading list from the graduate school I attended. Surely, the monochromatic roundup contradicts the university’s self-proclaimed efforts “to build a truly diverse, inclusive, and welcoming community for all.” To be clear, my issue is not with the wonderful authors who do appear on recommendation lists with regularity. Rather, I reject the customs and unconsciousness that callously promote those authors while systematically excluding worthy voices of a different hue. In the face of such persistent slights, a certain aggressiveness is required to give diverse literary voices a fighting chance. Only when enlightened readers produce a critical mass of tweets, essays and general outcry will reading lists more fully reflect our incredibly varied and colorful world. That’s why I love Book Riot posts like this, this and this. Vigilant community oversight and publicly calling offenders to account are promising tactics. I’ve seen an uptick in the number of widely read articles calling attention to the perils of whites-only book lists. When well-respected publications send their blanched lists of reading recommendations out into the world, enlightened readers are quick to call them out and offer more diverse reading options. Take Roxane Gay’s classic response, The Worst Kind of Groundhog Day: Let’s Talk (Again) About Diversity in Publishing. (I would expect the New York Times writer recognized for reaching “peak caucasity” to hesitate before delivering another ivory roundup.) But it’s not enough to nag publishing industry players into adding some token color to the palette. I would also like to see some guilt, reconciliation, and penance on their part. Recompense would look like joining us here in the real world and recognizing our humanity as readers, authors, characters. It would look like permanently relieving mindful readers of the duty of pointing out over and over again that people of a variety of ethnicities and experiences exist and matter. As Natalya Sylvester put it in a piece about tired summer reading lists: “Until we don’t have to point out diversity, until the word itself becomes more accurately replaced with ‘reality,’ it’ll be déjà vu over and over again.” It will take some time for diverse authors to bubble up in online popularity contests like the Reddit thread, but personally curated lists by pros and novices alike can transform in no time if pressure is applied. Are you in? My Pick for A Book Everyone Should Read? Each Kindness  by Jacqueline Woodson I love this elegant story of kindness and cruelty. In just 32 pages, it distills the essence of human conflicta persistent refusal to see the humanity in others and extend simple warmth and care. Set among school children, Each Kindness is told from the perspective of Chloe, a young girl who refuses to accept small gestures of friendship from Maya, the new girl. Maya wears spring shoes in the snow and plays alone, snubbed by classmates who laugh and name her Never New for her hand-me-down wardrobe. Despite her absolute rejection in the schoolyard, Maya continually reaches out, extending a glance, a smile, some jacks, a ballever optimistic that one day her affection will be returned. Alas, it is not, and we last see her jumping rope around the whole school yard alone, never stopping, never looking up. Heartbreaking. On the next page, Maya is absent from school and the girls’ teacher Ms. Albert gives a lesson in kindness. Chloe is moved when the teacher drops a small stone into a bowl of water, observes the ripples and says: “This is what kindness does. Each little thing we do goes out, like a ripple, into the world.” But Chloe can’t think of a single kindness to share when it is her turn to drop a pebble into the bowl. Later, she resolves to be kind and make the world better by simply returning Maya’s smile. But her realization comes too late. Maya’s absences from school pile up and Ms. Albert announces that her family had to move away. Chloe sits by a pond and considers each kindness she had never shown. I threw small stones into it, over and over. Watching the way the water rippled out and away. Out and away. Like each kindness â€" done and not done. Like every girl somewhere â€" holding a small gift out to someone and that someone turning away from it. The economy of Woodson’s prose and the solemnity of E.B. Lewis’s illustration combine to powerful effect. Together, they remind us that sometimes we learn valuable lessons too late, with real consequences for the people we spurn. It is a small kindness for readers to embrace the work of authors who reflect the abundant and varied world we live in, a kindness that ripples out and away, enriching us all. Don’t turn away.

Should Gay Adoption Be Legalized - 935 Words

Discrimination makes people feel powerless and that is exactly how same sex couples feel when they are attempting to adopt children. Adoption isn’t just about finding children for families, but it’s about finding families for children. The traditional definition of raising a family is one man and one woman raising their children together, which is why gay adoption has been a struggle for many gay couples. It is prejudice to deny homosexuals the right to adopt and have a family. As society evolves and cultural perspectives expand, gay adoption deserves to be legalized nationwide. The laws in the United States regulating adoption policies are not clear, and when it comes to homosexual couples adopting children, the laws are even more complicated. A Washington Post poll conducted in March of 2013 found that 70 percent of adults under age 40 support gay marriage. Even though thirteen states in 2013 have legalized it, and the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that g ay married couples cannot be denied federal benefits, gay couples trying to adopt children learn that both legal and cultural obstacles still occur. As legislatures and courts expand the legal definition of the American family, same-sex couples are beginning to feel more pressure. Many gay couples had accepted that they would never be accepted by society as loving parents and assumed they would never have children (Johnson 1). Although same sex parenting is becoming more accepting to today’s society,Show MoreRelated Gay Adoption Should be Legalized Essay2422 Words   |  10 PagesGay adoption by legal couples has become a rising controversy in the past decade, affecting the lives of many children and families. Most states allow gays and lesbians to individually adopt but do not allow them adoption as a legally recognized couple. In 1976, the American Psychological Association declared that â€Å"the sex, gender identity, or sexual†¦ orientation of natural, or pr ospective adoptive or foster parents should not be the sole or primary variable considered in custody or placement casesRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesSame sex marriage Same sex marriage also known as gay marriage is the union between two of the same gender having all legal rights allotted to this agreement in a given jurisdiction. According to opponents of same sex marriages such unions are more of abandonment of gender since one cannot be in the said union and still believe gender is important. Supporters of same sex marriage however refer to same sex unions as marriage equality. Same sex marriages challenge the traditional meaning of marriageRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal in All States1390 Words   |  5 PagesSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal in All States When you see the word marriage, what do you see or think of? Majorities of Americans will see a man and a woman together. That’s because it is a tradition that marriage is between a man and a woman. Wouldn’t it be nice if everyone could marry the love of their life? Unfortunately, same sex marriage is banned in thirty-two states and only legalized in eighteen states. So why can’t gay and lesbian couples marry each other? Same sex marriage is protectedRead MoreEssay about Same-Sex Marriage and Adoption Should Be Legal703 Words   |  3 PagesSame-sex marriage and adoption should be legal, it should be allowed in every state, everywhere. As of 2014, only 17 states have legalized marriage rights to same-sex couples. The other 34 states have banned gay marriage through law, constitutional amendments, or both. For example, the Pennsylvania Governor won’t challenge overturning of same-sex marriage ban. State Attorney General Kathleen Kane has also announced that she will not defend Pennsylvanias same-sex marriage ban because of what sheRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 Pagesto legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage because it was the court s decision, eight by state legislators, three by popular vote, twelve by state law, and one by constitutional amendment (Par 1). Some positive outcomes now that it is legal to marry the same sex is that the adoption process willRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage1594 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage Will Greatly Benefit The Economy Same-sex marriage has been a long debated issue in the United States. Since the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage in countries such as Holland, Belgium, and Canada American gay couples have been pushing harder for equal marriage rights under the law. Opponents claim that allowing same-sex unions would not only lead to less stable marriages and higher divorce rates for heterosexual couples, but also precipitate an economicRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesRahime-Malik Howard Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage befor e the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legalized1379 Words   |  6 PagesName: Tutor: Course: Date: Gay Marriages Marriage is considered as hypothetically speaking, a rite of passage whilst from the religious point of view, it is considered as holy matrimony before a supreme being. Attraction between individuals of the same sex has been a topic of debate since time immemorial. However, over the past few years gay individuals have opted to air grievances of oppression despite receiving tremendous critics from the public. Initially, gay marriages were unfathomable eventsRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1434 Words   |  6 PagesGay marriage has slowly become a significant factor amongst individuals of today’s society. On June 26, 2015, it was ruled out by the U.S. Supreme Court that gay marriage was now legal. The first thing that I thought was that â€Å"Wasn’t it already legal in the United States?† Well, apparently no it has not been legalized in the United States! (Dumb me.) The U.S. is known to be a nation of equality and gives everyone the freedom of the speech, bu t it is actually a nation full of racism, sexism, and homophobias

Essay on Distinctive Features of Near Death Experiences

Distinctive Features of Near Death Experiences It is estimated that only 5% of the population will have a NDE, this being a time when an individual is pronounced clinically dead but for some reason survives death and lives to try explain why and how they had this experience. Experiences like this are usually life changing. NDE are the link between whether there actually exist a separation between the physical body and the soul this is because the features of NDE’s are purely personal and take place in an individuals mind; there are no signs from the physical body that this experience has ever taken place. Dr Raymond moody paid a great interest in these experiences and by interviewing people who had†¦show more content†¦Another feature that is to do with hearing is the noise that many people have experienced when close to death. There have been accounts that describe this noise as an extremely unpleasant buzzing, roaring or whistling one man says ‘ it made me feel very uncomfortable†¦. I will never fo rget that noise’. However there have also been cases of the noise being more pleasant and taking the form of Japanese bells and music. The feelings that people experience while near death have had similarities, they are described as ‘extremely pleasant sensations’ during the earlier stages in the experience these include feelings of peace and quiet, warmth, comfort and solitude. All feelings you would not associate with a near death experience. One example is from a man who after a severe head injury lost all signs of life: â€Å"At the point of injury there was a momentary flash of pain, but all the pain vanished†¦ the day was bitterly cold, yet while I was in blackness all I felt was warmth and the most extreme comfort I have ever experienced.† The darkness that was mentioned in that mans experience is part of another feature that of the ‘Dark tunnel’ which is also often concurrent with ‘the noise’ It is basically a sensation of being pulled at aShow MoreRelatedThe Narrative Voice in the Lovely Bones 687 Words   |  3 Pagesliterary techniques to draw the reader in, it is the narrator’s voice that is this novel’s most interesting and appealing feature. The narrative voice in this novel is unique to other novels because the narrator is a girl named Susie Salmon who is speaking from heaven. This is a distinctive point in the novel because it gives us the story from the perspective from others and we experience themes in the book that we never experienced before. Firstly the narrator of the book TLB is a teenaged girl namedRead MoreThe MÄ ori Cultural Death System Analysis Essay examples1669 Words   |  7 PagesDeath is a global event that we will all experience throughout our lifetime. How we respond to the mental conception of death is specific and highly influenced by our cultural worlds (Nikora, L. W., Masters-Awatere, B., Te Awekotuku, N, 2012). MÄ ori often act as if the Tangihanga is one of the only things that they possess, which has not transformed over time and have a proclivity to argue that it is one of the customs that absolutely remains as theirs and theirs only. This essay will look intoRead MoreThe Dream Of Any Scientific Mind1467 Words   |  6 Pagesmost invasive, deathly illnesses that takes the lives of around 595,690 Americans annually or to launch a new space age to discover, perhaps, new technologies and planets in which humans might be able to live once ours clashes. Since cancer is distinctive, remarkable sick nesses, which require diverse methodologies for treatment. Medicines that work for a few malignancies do not work for others and here and there those medications essentially stop working. Just boundless sources and endeavors doingRead MoreA Brief History Of Lyme Disease1232 Words   |  5 Pagesorganism. Followed by, means of infection in relation to geographical distribution and transmission of the disease. Finally, focusing on an overview of clinical features followed by a brief discussion of diagnosis, treatments, prognosis and control measures. Lyme disease can manifest itself in many different ways. Infected patients may experience a range of symptoms affecting their psychological and physical well being. This makes it challenging for healthcare professionals to diagnose the disease immediatelyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Great Expectations1443 Words   |  6 Pages Charles Dickens is a well-known author famous for his skillful and distinctive writing style. One of the novels in which Dickens best demonstrates his masterful style is Great Expectations. In this book, many literary elements are employed to develop a cleverly blended story. To create a unique effect, comedy, tragedy, and garish features are mixed together throughout. The wide array of writing patterns used by Dickens can be found over the course of the entire book and exemplified in many differentRead MoreThe Zodiac Killer : Long Time Mystery Solved1199 Words   |  5 Pagescommitted suicide in 2002. After his death, his DNA was compared to some of the hig hest criminals, but there was no exact match. By 2002, The Zodiac Killer had already committed his crimes and would have his DNA from his final execution. The fact that Chandler’s DNA had not corresponded to any of the others proves that Chandler III could not have been the Zodiac Killer. However, valid information has confirmed that the Zodiac Killer was Earl Van Best Jr. Near September of 1969, Chris Harris, LosRead MoreA Comparative Study of Christianity and Islam1702 Words   |  7 Pagesand Islam --Collaborated by Lin Chuangsen, Lin Fan, Zheng Feng Zheng Jia I. Introduction Christianity and Islam, along with Buddhism, are considered to be the world’s three largest religions. As a particular form of human experience with distinctive qualities and patterns, they play an important part in all human cultures. Christianity and Islam are closely related to each other, because they both revere Abraham and certain other patriarchs mentioned in the Bible as their spiritualRead MoreA Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens1381 Words   |  6 PagesOf the extraordinary amount of literary devices available to authors, Charles Dickens uses quite a few in his novel A Tale of Two Cities, which is set during the French Revolution. One of his more distinctive devices is character foils. The five sets of foils are Carton and Darnay, Carton and Stryver, Darnay and the Marquis de Evremonde, Madame Defarge, and Mr. Lorry and Jerry Cruncher. Dickens uses foil characters to highlight the virtues of several major characters in order to show the theme ofRead More`` Maus `` By Art Spiegelman And The 1997 Film Of Life Is Beautiful1557 Words   |  7 Pagesevent. Both works manage to do such through similar means such as the father-son relationships present that although distinct, illustrate such humanity of individuals who were perceived to be less than human, while also containing several similar features upon their endings that correlates to the harsh reality of what the Holocaust truly was. A similar form in which both works accomplish their illustration of the humanity present in the negatively perceived Jewish race was through their compellingRead MoreEssay on Book Summary of the Bible Among the Myths2904 Words   |  12 Pagesessentially different from, the religions of its neighbors.†1 Oswalt is swift to acknowledge a major difference between the Old Testament and the religions of the Israelites Near Eastern neighbors. The divine medium of the Israelites’ neighbors was nature. On the other hand, the Israelites relied upon a unique human-historical experience. Oswalt also brings up that his book will address the ever-increasing amount of skepticism found within today’s society, when it comes to people believing in the validity

The Economy of Uae Free Essays

On what will the economy of the United Arab Emirates be based after the termination of oil resources? Among the independent states in the region of Persian Gulf, there are many countries which have achieved essential economics success, using the resource factor in their development. The Federation of the United Arab Emirates is considerably the best one. Owing to the richest oil deposits and the competent policy of using the given natural resources, it took them only 30 years to become one of the richest states in the world and reach the income level comparable with the highly developed countries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Economy of Uae or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, what will be the base of the UAE’s economy, when the world runs out of oil supplies? Before the discovery of oil and gas sources the Trucial States (which today form the UAE) had limited resources and its economy depended mainly on agriculture and the trade in pears, that is why that period reflected the state of a simple subsistence economy. Since 1970 the situation began to change. December 2, 1971 six of the seven emirates (the emirate Ras-al-Khaimah joined in 1972) announced the creation of the federation called the United Arab Emirates. This event coincided with a massive increase in oil production, followed by a further sharp rising of oil prices. This course of events allowed the UAE to achieve the economic prosperity. At the same time, the ruling Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, realizing that oil is a finite resource, commissioned to work out a plan which could reduce the dependence of the state on oil. The state budget revenue in 1980 was fully formed with the profits from oil and gas. However, it was decided to develop a plan of the diversification of economy. Trade and tourism were chosen as the general directions. From year to year, the dependence on petrol production in the state is increasing: in 1980 oil took about 80% of GDP, but today, according to a number of sources oil takes about 30 % of GDP. The reduction of oil industry is happening due to the intensive development of the following sectors: trade, tourism and construction activity. Transport infrastructure is fairly well-developed and the foreign investments are actively being involved to the economy. What is the future of the UAE? How is the economy of the state going to develop without oil, which supplies, according to Jack Gerard’s researches (2005) will be absolutely depleted in 50 years? What kind of challenges will the United Arab Emirates be forced to face? Every state is a part of the world community and problems which the world faces, sooner or later will be actual in a separate state. One of the world biggest threats is the food crisis. For some countries it is relevant today, for others it is something, which they will have to face in the nearest future. Every state that wants to get rid of this terrible problem should actively create alternative sources of energy and develop the agriculture, right now. The UAE is not an exception. The main problem the UAE faced on the way of developing this sector is climate. There is no doubt that the investment funds, emitted on the construction of desalination water factories, make the agriculture industry more independent. Unfortunately, that is not enough. While the state has the time and possibilities it is necessary to concentrate seriously on this problem. They have to coordinate the directions of the Science Researches and achieve the high level of different types of technologies that will help to improve the necessary sectors quickly. In the future UAE must become the leader in producing the food stuff and also dematerializing water. Time is flying but no one accepts the fact that soon people around the world will depend on the quality and quantity of water and food. Implementation of these plans will enable the UAE to become the highly industrial state in 21st century, regardless the oil. The production of food and water will definitely fix the state up with economical stability. How to cite The Economy of Uae, Essay examples

Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions in Fast-Food Restaurants Essay Example

Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions in Fast-Food Restaurants Essay The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www. emeraldinsight. com/1756-669X. htm IJQSS 1,1 Service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in fast-food restaurants Hong Qin and Victor R. Prybutok Information Technology and Decision Sciences Department, College of Business Administration, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA Abstract Purpose – This study aims to explore the potential dimensions of service quality, and examine the relationship among service quality, food quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in fast-food restaurants (FFRs). Design/methodology/approach – The construct reliability and validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and con? rmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. Findings – Results indicated that ? ve dimensions were signi? cant: tangibles, reliability/ responsiveness, recovery, assurance, and empathy. Service quality and food quality were two main determinants of customer satisfaction. The insigni? ance of perceived value is potentially due to the homogeneous nature of the construct within the FFR group rather than the importance of the perceived value construct within food service. Originality/value – The FFR success model, using the original ? ve in the SERVPERF scale and another new dimension â€Å"recovery† to measure service quality, was empirically examined in the fast food industry. Several potential antecedents of sat isfaction, including service quality, food quality and perceived value were also tested. Keywords Consumer behaviour, Customer satisfaction, Fast foods, Customer services quality We will write a custom essay sample on Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions in Fast-Food Restaurants specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions in Fast-Food Restaurants specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions in Fast-Food Restaurants specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Paper type Research paper 8 International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1, 2009 pp. 78-95 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1756-669X DOI 10. 1108/17566690910945886 1. Introduction Customers’ evaluations of the service quality are critical to service ? rms that aim to improve their marketing strategies (Cronin and Taylor, 1992; Jain and Gupta, 2004; O? r and Simonson, 2001). Firms that provide superior service quality also have a more satis? ed customer base (Aaker and Jacobson, 1994; Gilbert et al. , 2004; Gilbert and Veloutsou, 2006). Customer satisfaction is viewed as in? encing repurchase intentions and behavior, which, in turn, leads to an organization’s future revenue and pro? ts. As a result of the direct link with pro? ts, the issue of service quality and customer satisfaction has become a focus of the hospitality industries. More and more companies are compelled to assess and improve their service quality in an effort to attract customers (Gilbert and Veloutsou, 2006). There are some academic studies to address the service quality and customer satisfaction in fast-food restaurants (FFRs) (Brady et al. 2001; Gilbert et al. , 2004; Kara et al. , 1995; Lee and Ulgado, 1997; Qin and Prybutok, 2008); however, most of the studies are limited to the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality. Some other potential determinants of customer satisfaction such as food quality and perceived value are ignored. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, very few studies have examined the recovery ability of FFRs, much less of its effect on the perceived service quality or customer satisfaction. Understanding the interplay between the recovery mechanism and customer behavioral intentions is important, because better recoveries increase the customer’s propensity to return to the same service provider whereas ineffective service recovery may reinforce the customer’s dissatisfaction with the service (Harris et al. , 2006). However, service recovery is not considered in the well-known SERVPERF model even though some ? ndings suggest that recovery dominates formation of customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions (Spreng et al. , 1995). This study contributes to the investigation of the above issues. First, we seek to develop a FFR success model by examining the key dimensions of service quality in the fast food industry. Speci? cally, another potential dimension, recovery, is incorporated into the SERVPERF instrument. After establishing suf? cient reliability and validity of this instrument, we proceed with the second objective – to examine the relationship among service quality, food quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. The organization of this paper includes another ? e sections. The theoretical foundation of perceived service quality and its dimensions are reviewed in the next section, followed by the research methodology including the development of the instrument. Then, the data analysis and ? ndings of this study are presented, followed by the conclusions and managerial implications. The paper concludes with a section on the limitations of this work and potential future research. 2. Theoretical foundation The importance of service quality is substantially addressed in the fast-food management literature. Superior service leads to satis? ed and loyal customers whose continued patronage is essential to the success of FFRs. Conversely, poor service quality increases customer dissatisfaction and the likelihood that customers dine at a competitor’s FFR and/or become an active champion in persuading others to go elsewhere (Gilbert et al. , 2004). Hence, it is crucial for service managers to understand how customers perceive the service they provide, and what components might determine the nature of the perceived service quality in FFRs. 2. Measurement of service quality Over the past two decades, the research related to perceived service quality has swelled enormously. An important contribution to that research stream is Parasuraman et al. ’s (1988) 22-item SERVQUAL scale. This scale measures service quality by the degree of discrepancy between customers’ normative expectations for the service and their perceptions of the providers’ actual performances (Parasura man et al. , 1985, 1988). Five dimensions are unsheathed as the main attributes of service quality across a variety of services. These dimensions include tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Subsequent empirical works have applied the SERVQUAL instrument to measure service quality in a variety of business settings (Bojanic and Rosen, 1994; Fu and Parks, 2001; Furrer et al. , 2000; Gounaris, 2005; Heung et al. , 2000; Lassar et al. , 2000; Lee and Ulgado, 1997). Service quality in restaurants 79 IJQSS 1,1 80 Although the SERVQUAL instrument is employed enthusiastically, it has received heavy criticism from both a theoretical and practical perspective. The issues questioned include the use of gap scores, the overlap among ? ve dimensions, poor predictive and convergent validity, the ambiguous de? ition of the â€Å"expectation† construct, and unstable dimensionality (Babakus and Boller, 1992; Carman, 1990; Peter et al. , 1993; van Dyke et al. , 1999). By discarding the expectation portion in the SERVQUAL model, Cronin and Taylor (1992) justify their SERVPERF or performance-only instrument in place of the gap measurement approach. In addition, they provide empirical evidence that the SERVPERF instrument outperforms the SERVQUAL scale across four industries: fast food, dry cleaning, banks and pest control. The performance-only measures are used and suggested by many scholars in various industries (Gilbert et al. 2004; Keillor et al. , 2004; Law et al. , 2004; Parasuraman et al. , 1994; van Dyke et al. , 1997). In addition to the research of Cronin and Taylor (1992) in fast food industry, Jain and Gupta (2004) compare weighted and un-weighted versions of the SERVQUAL and SERVPERF instruments by conducting a survey of FFR customers in India. They ? nd that the SERVPERF scale is more effective in explaining the service quality constructs and variations in service quality scores within the restaurant industry. For the purpose of this study, we are following Cronin and Taylor’s conceptual model and use performance only to measure service quality. Several previous studies suggest that modi? cation of SERVPERF is necessary for application to different service industries (Andaleeb and Conway, 2006; Carman, 1990; Olorunniwo et al. , 2006). This served as an impetus to investigate other in? uential components of service quality within the fast-food industry. Speci? cally, we investigated 60 customer reviews of FFR service at: www. my3cents. com. From those reviews, we gleaned that most of the customers experiencing dissatisfactory service were complaining about the poor resolution of their negative experience rather than the service incidence itself. This supports the contention that most customers can accept that service is not ? awless and mistakes are tolerated if they believe that the restaurant is concerned about resolution of the service problem. This is consistent with prior ? ndings in the literature (Bitner et al. , 1990; Heskett et al. , 1994; McColl et al. , 2005). Failure itself does not necessarily lead to customer dissatisfaction; however, failure to handle recoveries effectively can lead to lost customers and negative word-of-mouth (Heskett et al. , 1994; McColl et al. , 2005).

Adoption by gays essays

Adoption by gays essays With this being an age when people are supposedly more open-minded, why is it that gays are frowned upon or denied when they want to adopt a child? Why is it that they are treated unfairly because of their sexual orientation? Many Americans are uncomfortable with the idea of gay parents. The traditional family has always included a mother and a father. However, today gay parents are heading more and more families. Many use artificial insemination or surrogate mothers because it is extremely difficult for gays to adopt children. Although it seems to contradict societys view of the traditional family, homosexuals should be allowed to adopt because they deserve equal rights, and sexual orientation is not a reasonable determining factor in the qualifications of a parent. I saw a television show the other day on this topic. A gentleman something very interesting adoption is not a right, it is a privilege. If this is the case, there is still not a rational basis for denying homosexuals the privilege to adopt. It is clearly an anti-gay basis. Just as blacks and women have fought for equal rights, gays are now struggling to do the same. It is unfair to single out a group of people with many members who would make great parents. Since we live in a world where all men are created equal, homosexuals should enjoy the same rights a heterosexuals. Gays face discrimination because of their sexual preferences, and now must also face the qualifications for adopting. In a society where families are often split apart, I think it is great that people are so willing to adopt children, but it is terrible that this one qualification is stopping o many of them. Sexual orientation alone doesnt make a person a good or bad parent. Adoption agencies need to stop using this as a factor. A family is a family, and that is what so many children are in need of. Children ne ...

Gonna, Gotta, Wanna

Gonna, Gotta, Wanna Gonna, Gotta, Wanna Gonna, Gotta, Wanna By Maeve Maddox Although not hearing impaired, I watch television with captions enabled. I like to see how words are spelled and how the running text differs from what is actually said by the actors and presenters. When I began to notice a frequency of the spelling gonna for â€Å"going to,† I decided to do a little research. I discovered that gonna has an entry in the OED: gonna: colloquial (especially U.S.) or vulgar pronunciation of â€Å"going to.† Not only gonna, but wanna, gotta, and shoulda also have entries in OED, although they do not appear in Merriam-Webster. Gonna, gotta and wanna are not contractions. Contractions are shortenings like aren’t and can’t. The missing letters have been replaced by an apostrophe, and the original words are discernible in the contraction. Contractions are acceptable in all but the most formal writing. Here are a few standard contractions: aren’t = are not can’t = cannot couldn’t =could not didn’t = did not doesn’t = does not don’t = do not hadn’t = had not hasn’t = has not haven’t = have not he’d = he had, he would he’ll = he will, he shall he’s = he is I’d = I had, I would I’ll = I will, I shall I’ve = I have isn’t = is not it’s = it is let’s = let us The spellings gonna, gotta, and wanna, on the other hand, do not preserve the shape of the words they represent. They are not contractions, but reductions. A linguistic reduction is the result of relaxed pronunciation. All speakers of all languages slur sounds and words together. Doing so is a normal part of spoken language. The more informal the situation, the more slurring goes on. Speakers who are sensitive to the needs of others will speak more carefully in some situations than in others. For example, teenagers who barely move their lips when speaking to one another may be expected to enunciate in the classroom. Courteous native speakers will take the trouble to pronounce words carefully when speaking to non-native speakers. Any English speaker who has received a formal education of ten years or more may be expected to speak clearly when being interviewed on television. Reductions are not unknown in print. Novelists have long spelled out whatcha and coulda in dialogue in order to convey a character’s attributes. Until recently, however, such spellings were not commonly seen outside of fiction. Gonna and gotta are not unexpected in song lyrics and on social media like Facebook, but now they are creeping into news coverage. Here are some examples from transcripts and quotations that have appeared on news sites: â€Å"He’s gonna get to the bottom of what happened at the Fort Hood shooting.† â€Å"I have no doubt she’s gonna run,† says Black. â€Å"We’re gonna try to construct a bipartisan bill.† Reductions heard in speech are not particularly jarring, but when they appear in print, they scream â€Å"Ignorant!† Unless a journalist desires to present a senator in a negative light, â€Å"going to† is a better choice than gonna, even in a direct quotation. Professional writers especially might be expected to avoid nonstandard usage and spelling, but the evidence on Amazon is that for many authors, gonna, gotta, wanna, and even whatcha and coulda are acceptable written English. Here’s a sampling of book titles: Dude, You’re Gonna Be a Dad! 10 Things You Gotta Know About Choosing a College I Wanna Iguana (This one is the title of a children’s book.) Whatcha Gonna Do with that Duck? Coulda Been a Cowboy Time will be the judge. An Ngram search shows that the use of gonna in printed books has risen dramatically since the 1960s, and gotta and wanna are making a little progress. It’s possible that these words will become acceptable in standard English one day. Meanwhile, their use does not reflect well on writers who wish to be taken seriously. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, WhetherProbable vs. PossibleUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

Schizophrenia and Recent Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Schizophrenia and Recent Research - Essay Example Negative symptoms: which represent a loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life. These symptoms are harder to recognise as part of the disorder and can be mistaken for laziness or depression Cognitive symptoms (or cognitive deficits): which are problems with attention, certain types of memory, and the executive functions that allow us to plan and organise. Cognitive deficits can also be difficult to recognise as part of the disorder but are the most disabling in terms of leading a normal life" (NARSAD, 2006) It has been reported that "psychiatric researchers at The Zucker Hillside Hospital campus of The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, including NARSAD-supported and affiliated scientists, have uncovered evidence of a gene that appears to influence intelligence" (NARSAD, 2006). This discovery means that the genes that are associated with the cognitive impairment caused by schizophrenic sufferers, has been mapped to the "dysbindin-1 gene (DTNBP1)" (NARSAD, 2006). Dr. Katherine Burdick will be reporting in the May 15 print issue of Human Molecular Genetics, that "a robust body of evidence suggests that cognitive abilities, particularly intelligence, are significantly influenced by genetic factors. Existing data already suggests that dysbindin may influence cognition" (Burdick, 2006). There is also evidence found by Lipska, Law, Weinberger, Kleinman, (2006) in

Writer's choice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Writer's choice - Term Paper Example (Independence, n.d.) His father, a candle and soap maker, wanted Benjamin to become a clergyman. Because his father did not have enough money, Benjamin only went to school for a year, apprenticed under his father, and eventually apprenticed for his half-brother, James, who owned a printing shop. Benjamin loved to write, but he never got a chance to publish his work. It was during this time that he wrote the fourteen famous letters from Silence Dogood, a secret character Franklin created for himself. The letters were sent to James’ printing house and published in The New-England Courant. When James found out Dogood was actually Benjamin, the siblings disagreed and the younger Franklin moved to Philadelphia. Benjamin consequently became the publisher for The Pennsylvania Gazette when he was about twenty-four years old (Hovde, 2002). He gained popularity for printing Poor Richard’s Almanac which contained weather forecasts, household tips, puzzles, etc. (Green & Stallybrass, 2006) There is a lot to tell about Benjamin Franklin since he dabbled in many industries when he was alive. Aside from being a renowned printer and writer, Benjamin Franklin was also a diplomat. He was the first United States Minister to France and served from 1778 – 1785. Scholar Leo Lemay referred to Franklin as â€Å"the most essential and successful American diplomat of all time.† (Green & Stallybrass, 2006) Not only was Benjamin Franklin adept in being a publisher and a diplomat. He was also a very brilliant inventor. During his lifetime, Franklin managed to create what is commonly known as bifocals, lightning rod, glass harmonica and Franklin stove. (Independence, n.d.) Three of these are still popular today. Bifocals are a type of eyeglasses which have upper and lower halves. The lower halves were usually used for reading or viewing things that are near, while the upper halves are used for looking at distant objects. As Franklin grew older,

Personal Narrative: I have seen Elvis Presley :: Celebrity Actor Acting Performing Musician

I Have Seen Elvis While driving down the expressway late last Saturday night I saw the strangest thing. There on the side of the road was an old broken-down blue Cadillac. As I passed, that's when I saw it. Out of the corner of my eye; it was him. There stood Elvis Presley, the King, kicking at the flattened tire of his rusted out Cadillac. I swear it was him. He had the side-burns, the wonderfully slicked back hair, and just as he went out of sight I swear he was doing that lip thing. As I think back on that night I wonder to myself if it was really him or if I just really wanted it to be. To me he is a symbol of both a lifestyle and a generation. Even though he supposedly died a month before I was born, his image and his likeness has so much meaning for me. Was it his greasy hair, the rebellious sexuality of his gyrating hips or just that sullen look in his eye? All these years I have never really known how my obsession with him came about. Now that I am in college I am beginning to question how thi s man of relatively little talent became such a hero to me and such a legend of American pop-culture? I guess for me, I am just infatuated with his image. You could say I'm sold on it. Elvis was everything I have always wanted to be. He was a rebellious loner and also incredibly popular. Elvis was always carrying around a pretty guitar but it is rumored he could barely play three cords on it. Presley was so phenomenally talented that even after dead for more than twenty-two years, he is still making more money than the average hard working American. He was a poor southern boy who was manufactured and constructed into American royalty. It is for these reasons that I hold a special place in my heart for Elvis. It is also for these reasons that I will from now on respectfully refer to him as, The King. The King is the result of the manipulation and the marketing of the American public through the use of the mass media. The first weapon used to target the wallets of the American people was the record. Rock 'n' Roll, a rebellious new sound that was immediately embraced by the young teen-agers of the fifties was a great turning point in our American society.

How does Shakespeare dramatise the murder of Duncan in Act II Scenes (i) and (ii)? Essay

The murder of King Duncan in the play Macbeth is an important part of the play. It shows the point at which Lady Macbeth and Macbeth begin their downfall, which ultimately ends in their deaths at the end of the play. The first and second scenes in Act Two are important because they are immediately before and just after the murder, so they are where the play is at it’s climax, and most tense. Shakespeare dramatises the murder by not only building up the tension before Macbeth commits the murder, but also keeping the pressure up through the next scene during Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s conversation. This idea is explored in detail throughout this essay. Our very first impression of Macbeth in Act One is that he is a character to be wary of, because the witches are the first people to mention him, and witches are associated with evil, so Macbeth is linked in the audience’s mind with wickedness. However this idea is pushed to one side as we hear glowing reports on the ‘brave’, ‘worthy’ and ‘valiant’ Macbeth, (Act 1, Scene 2, Lines 16, 24) from King Duncan and the Captain of the Army. It seems Banquo and Macbeth are both very honest and good people before we ever meet them personally. Then when we do see the two for the first time, they meet the witches, who tell them the prophecies which the whole play is based around: ‘All hail Macbeth that shalt be King hereafter’. (Act 1, Scene 3, Line 48) We are shown Macbeth’s latent desires come to the forefront of his mind; although he is already successful and has more than most could want, hidden ambition and greed becomes apparent as the witches promise his greatest dreams. He seems to be solely focused on the biggest prize – though the first of the witches’ prophecies comes true immediately, he is more happy that the prophecy of him becoming King now seems a plausible idea, than the present promotion: ‘The greatest is behind’ (Act 1 Scene 3 Line 116). All in all, the character of Macbeth is introduced to the audience as a worthy and noble person (from the reports by the Captain in Scene Two) but one with a less virtuous side, to do with his ambition and never being satisfied with what he has, – which turn out to be his biggest weaknesses and ends up bringing about his downfall. Also in Act One we see the highly influential role Lady Macbeth plays in persuading Macbeth to kill Duncan so they can become King and Queen. As Macbeth is her husband she knows him best and knows he is ‘not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it’ (Act 1, Scene 5, Line 18-19) so she knows exactly how to manipulate him to do things he otherwise would not do. She does this by playing on his weaknesses – by questioning his manliness and asking him to do the deed to prove his love for her. Lady Macbeth appears to be driven by her own ambitions and her ruthlessness and determination are established effectively in the opening Act. She shows her willingness to do evil things when she calls for dark spirits to ‘fill me from the crown to the toe topfull of direst cruelty, make thick my blood, stop up the th’access and passage to remorse’ (Act 1, Scene 5, Line 41-3) She also shows her strength of will when she tells Macbeth what to do: ‘Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t.’ (Act 1, Scene 6, Line 64-5) and when she manages to persuade Macbeth to kill Duncan. At the beginning of Act 1 Scene 7 he is decidedly against the act: ‘We shall proceed no further in this business’ (Line 31) but by the end of the scene she has made him change his mind: ‘If we should fail?’ (Line 59). Shakespeare sets the scene for the murder in Act II Scene I by creating a tense and mysterious atmosphere with Banquo and his son Fleance’s conversation, and then their encounter with Macbeth as he is setting out to kill Duncan. The scene opens with Banquo talking to Fleance and describing the dark setting. He says that ‘the moon is down’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 2) and ‘the candles are all out’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 5), meaning the night is pitch black with no moon or stars – perfect for a concealed murder. Fleance tells us that ’tis later’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 4) than midnight, which was considered in those times to be the scariest hour of the night, the ‘witching hour’ – the audience in the original performance of the play would pick up on this timing as a sign to be wary of what is coming next. Banquo refers to the theme of sleeplessness, saying ‘I would not sleep†¦[for] the cursed thoughts that nature gives way to in repose’. (Act 2, Scene 1, Lines 7-9) We see this idea again in Act Two Scene Two after the murder, when Macbeth is very traumatised by what he has done, and he says he ‘hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor shall sleep no more: Macbeth shall sleep no more’ (Lines 45-6) Because Banquo used the word ‘cursed’ he reminds us of the witches and plants the idea that their prophecies could in fact be curses, which is foreshadowing what actually happens. Then, Banquo hears a noise and calls immediately for his son to ‘Give me my sword’, before warily calling out ‘Who’s there?’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Lines 9-10) This builds up the tension in the atmosphere very well because it is odd for him to be so alert and tense in his best friend’s castle, where he should feel safe. Banquo has already been established as a calm, good and perceptive character, (from his association with nature) so because he is on edge and tense the audience knows the next scene cannot be good. The tense atmosphere is heightened during Macbeth and Banquo’s conversation, because they talk in relatively short lines to one another. The audience is also shown how tense and nervous Macbeth is, and how he is slowly ‘falling from grace’ because he lies to his best friend, by saying ‘I think not of them [the witches]’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 21) when it’s all he has been thinking about since they met them. In the second part of Act Two Scene One Macbeth hallucinates a floating dagger, covered in ‘gouts of blood’ (Line 46) with ‘the handle toward my [his] hand’ (Line 34) leading him towards Duncan’s room to commit the murder – ‘thou marshall’st me the way that I was going’ (Line 42). In the original play Shakespeare chose not to show the audience the dagger Macbeth is imagining, because this way focus is shifted from the dagger onto Macbeth himself, which means the audience is more dramatically engaged by the character, rather than special effects. Another reason Shakespeare decided not to show the dagger is that it is a figment of Macbeth’s imagination, a ‘false creation, proceeding from the heat oppressed brain’ (Line 39) representing his confusion and indecisiveness being controlled by external and sinister forces, which therefore makes the murder seem more inevitable, because Macbeth is not in control of it. If the dagger were shown the representation would be lost, because it would become a real thing. This shows great psychological understanding from Shakespeare. Even though the audience is shown a real dagger when Macbeth pulls out his own to compare: ‘I see thee yet, in form as palpable as this which I now draw’ (Line 40-1) Shakespeare only did this to reinforce the idea that Macbeth sees it as clearly as a real dagger, but the audience can’t see it. Most other productions of Macbeth follow Shakespeare’s original intentions, with the only exception being Roman Polanski’s feature film version. Polanski decided to show the floating dagger, but this was probably because the film was aimed at a wider, more ‘mainstream’ audience, and he thought subtle details like an imaginary dagger should be made more obvious, even though this loses some of meaning of the idea. Macbeth’s reactions to the dagger show he is in a very unstable and volatile state of mind, and shows his inner turmoil and confusion about what he should do and what he wants to do. The fact that he is hallucinating in the first place shows he must be slightly delirious with the pressure of what he is about to do. At first he was alarmed by the dagger, however, as soon as he realises that the dagger is not real (‘Art thou a dagger of the mind, a false creation, proceeding from the heat oppressed brain?’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 37-9)) he stops being alarmed by it, and as he follows it, he becomes fascinated with it, and more intense, so he describes it in great detail using plosives ‘And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 46) to make it more vivid for the audience. The dagger symbolises the murder, and makes the deed seem more inevitable, because the dagger that leads Macbeth to Duncan’s door is bloody, so it is as if it is a projection of what Macbeth’s real dagger is going to look like after the murder. It also symbolises how Macbeth is being controlled by other forces, how he is being led to do things he doesn’t really want to do because he isn’t controlling the dagger, the dagger is ‘in charge’ of h im. Shakespeare uses the last half of Macbeth’s soliloquy in Act Two Scene One to build atmosphere and tension as he prepares himself for the murder, by using lots of imagery to help create the dark mood. For instance Macbeth says that ‘Nature seems dead’ (Line 50) which is a very dark idea, foreshadowing how after this scene nature will be turned on its head because Macbeth upset he natural order. Macbeth also talks about a recurring theme in the play; the idea of two sides of everything, the good and the bad, or the fake faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade hiding a worse side underneath (‘Now o’er the one half world’ (Line 49)) To darken the mood further, he talks about ‘wicked dreams abus[ing] the curtain’d sleep’ (Lines 50-1) which is what he is about to do: as he is trying to kill Duncan in his sleep, so he is being wicked and abusing the safety one should feel when they are asleep. Macbeth also mentions witchcraft, which shows he is thinking about and maybe being controlled by the witches still, saying ‘Witchcraft celebrates pale Hecate’s off’rings’ (Lines 51-2). It seems Macbeth tries to justify the murder by reducing his involvement. He does this by showing he is merely an instrument doing the deed by personifying murder, so that it is more murder who is to blame for the crime, rather than Macbeth: ‘Wither’d murder, alarum’d by his sentinel†¦with Tarquin’s ravishing strides, towards his design, moves like a ghost’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Lines 52-6). Macbeth uses more and more intricate language, referring to Roman stories of the tyrant Tarquin who raped his friend’s wife to personify murder further, and long sentences as he expresses the strong external forces (e.g. ‘Murder’ and the witch-queen Hecate) that may be manipulating him to kill Duncan. However he starts to come back to himself and realise that he is still the one doing it after all, using shorter sentences as he comes to the end of his soliloquy. He thinks of more practical ideas, asking the Earth to ‘Hear not my steps, for fear thy very stones may prate of my whereabout’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Lines 57-8) but still using imagery that conjures up in our minds the idea that he is at least being helped by the Earth, or some other strong omnipotent being. Macbeth seems more resolute closer to the end of the soliloquy, saying ‘Whiles I threat he live; Words to the heat of deeds to cold breath gives’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Lines 60-61) The fact that these two lines rhyme give it definition and finality, as Shakespeare often uses rhyming couplets to signify the end of an important scene. In these lines Macbeth also shows how unwavering he is, by almost scorning himself for fretting about it too long, by saying ‘whiles I threat he lives’. After this the bell rings, to further signify Macbeth’s resolved and determined state of mind, which is backed up again by his saying immediately after ‘I go , and it is done.’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 62). The short sentence shows his feeling of inevitability. The very last two lines of the soliloquy are also a rhyming couplet, to end the scene neatly. They show Macbeth knows he will go through with the murder, because he says ‘The bell invites me’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 62) and then he says ‘Hear it not Duncan, for it is a knell, that summons thee to heaven or to hell.’ (Act 2, Scene 1, Line 63-4). The building up of tension and inevitability is shown very well in the Trevor Nunn version of Macbeth, where Ian McKellen portrays Macbeth preparing for the murder, making him seem absolutely resolute by rolling up a sleeve. This version also takes advantage of different lighting to increase tension; Macbeth is in darkness for most of the scene, stepping forward to the audience to engage them, and as he says ‘like a ghost’ he steps into an eerie bright light, which can be quite scary and unexpected, because it is as if he appeared out of nowhere. Shakespeare decided not to script or perform the actual murder of Duncan, because that way the audience is left to imagine the murder scene on their own and therefore make it as horrible as they could imagine. Shakespeare also misses out the murder to put more emphasis on Lady Macbeth at the beginning of the next scene and to remind the audience how closely she is involved in the murder. There is no gap in the drama because Scene Two follows on from the last in quick succession and the fact that we see Lady Macbeth, sustains the anxiety and tension because she is already associated in our minds with evil and bad deeds. This is because she spoke to the evil spirits in Act One Scene Five, as well as being instrumental in manipulating Macbeth and persuading him to kill Duncan in the first place. Before Macbeth returns, Lady Macbeth feels triumphant, powerful, and in control. She has done what she wanted, and got the better of men by manipulating them and making them do things for her benefit. She shows this by saying ‘that which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold; that which hath quenched them, hath given me fire’. (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 1-2) This also alerts the audience again to her association with evil, and the witches (from when she called upon evil spirits to ‘†¦fill me from the crown to the toe topfull of direst cruelty’ (Act 1, Scene 5, Line 41,42) because she is talking about opposites, and this is what the witches talked about when they were first introduced at the beginning of the play: ‘Fair is foul and foul is fair’ (Act 1, Scene 1, Line 12) She uses eloquent language filled with imagery personifying death and nature around the drugged guards: ‘Death and Nature do contend about them, whether they live, or die’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 7-8) This fits in well with what her husband was saying just moments ago about murder as a real being, rather than an action or abstract noun, and shows well how Shakespeare ensures there is no break in tension between scenes, because they flow on so well from each other. She seems very fired up and quite jumpy because of her excitement, so when she hears an owl screech in the night, she exclaims ‘Hark!’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 2) then ‘Peace,’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 2) to calm herself, but the fact that she is talking to herself is one of the early signs of her going mad. However she is still ‘on a high’ from her excitement of the murder of Duncan being carried out, that she confidently speaks about the owl straight after her fright: ‘It was the owl that shreik’d, the fatal bellman which gives the stern’st good-night.’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 3-4) Here she is comparing the owl’s shriek to the night watchman who rings his bell outside the cells of prisoners condemned to death, in this case it is Duncan who is about to be killed. This comment about the owl is linked to her earlier speech before Duncan arrived at Macbeth’s castle, when she spoke of the raven, another bird linked with death: ‘The raven himself is hoarse, that croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan’ (Act 1, Scene 5, Line 37-8). As Macbeth arrives she gets very anxious, saying she is ‘afraid they have awak’d, and ’tis not done; the’attempt and not the deed confounds us.’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 9-11) In the Trevor Nunn stage version of Macbeth, Judi Dench, who plays Lady Macbeth, shows her excitement to an almost psychopathic degree, by talking very quickly and in a very high-pitched voice, which conveys the idea of drunkenness on power very well. During Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s initial exchange, they convey their own nervousness and create even more of a tense atmosphere by talking in short questions and answer to each other. Line 16 in this scene is shared between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and cuts back and forth between them twice: Lady Macbeth: ‘Did not you speak?’ Macbeth: When? Lady Macbeth: Now. Macbeth: As I descended?’ This creates the tense atmosphere because the actors have no choice but to throw these short sharp words back and forth very quickly. The next line is unusual as there is only one syllable in it, said by Lady Macbeth in answer to Macbeth’s question ‘As I descended?’. She says ‘Ay.’ (Line 20) and the rest of the line is finished by either silence, or a noise coming from the night. This is the only time Shakespeare has scripted in a gap or a pause, and he did this because the lack of speech after such a quick exchange would make the silence almost ‘deafening’ to the audience, as they anticipate what is going to happen next. After the brief pause, Macbeth starts the conversation again, when he says ‘Hark!’ (Line 21) which shows his awareness of either the silence or the noise from the night, and his jumpy nature because he exclaims after it. The next section of their exchange shows a sharp contrast between the two, as Macbeth starts to get almost hysterical, as he can’t process the horror of what he has just done, while Lady Macbeth gets frustrated with him as she struggles to keep control of the situation. Macbeth starts by looking at his bloody hands holding the daggers and saying ‘This is a sorry sight.’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 24) but straight away Lady Macbeth retorts ‘A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 25) which is almost scornful of him, as one might scold a child. However her efforts are soon to turn out futile, as Macbeth get so wrapped up in his own emotion that he barely seems to register she is there. This is shown well in the Nicol Williamson staging of Macbeth, where Lady Macbeth is trying to push Macbeth off the stage, but because Nicol is a very tall person it is obvious that Lady Macbeth has no chance of moving him. Macbeth himself begins to get hysterical as Lady Macbeth loses control of him. He starts to think of himself as a hangman (‘with these hangman’s hands’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 30)) and thinks he maybe a damned man, when he thinks he cannot say ‘Amen’ after someone calls out ‘God bless us!’: ‘One cried ‘God bless us!’†¦I could not say ‘Amen† (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 29, 31) The original audience would pick up on the fact he could not say Amen, which would increase the tension and fear because it shows him to be possessed by evil spirits. Macbeth refers to ‘the innocent sleep’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 39) which is a recurring theme throughout the play, he refers to himself in the third person saying ‘Macbeth does murder sleep’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 39) and then talks about his different roles ‘Glamis hath murder’d sleep, and therefore Cawdor shall sleep no more, Macbeth shall sleep no more’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 45-6) This repetition of his different roles shows him slowly falling to pieces because of what he does, and also shows how much he is trying to find a way to make it not his fault and to dislocate himself from what he has just done, which brings him to be almost schizophrenic. However he also knows that his evil deed can leak into the reputation his other roles or identities and will ultimately destroy him. His talk about damnation and sleep is an example of foreshadowing, because after this time, neither Macbeth or Lady Macbeth will sleep properly again, and shall therefore be deprived of the ‘balm of hurt minds, great nature’s second course, chief nourisher in life’s feast’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 42-3). In the Trevor Nunn production of Macbeth, Macbeth is shown starting to be almost atavistic, by talking in a child-like manner, which brings out his vulnerability and guilt for killing Duncan. Tension is increased in the next part of the scene when Lady Macbeth shows her frustration with Macbeth because he is not listening to her. He is fraught with fear over what he has just done, and however much she tries to keep control over the situation he ignores her completely. She tries to take his mind off his rambling by trying one of her persuasion techniques, saying ‘Worthy thane, you do unbend your noble strength to think so brain-sickly of these things’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 47-9). Here she compliments him (‘worthy thane’) before telling him that he is losing his ‘noble strength’ by thinking about these ‘brain sickly’ things too much. She encourages to ‘Go get some water and wash this filthy witness from your hand’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 49-50) even though later on in the play we will find out that she realises that ‘a little water’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 70) does not clear them ‘of this deedâ €™. (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 70) However she changes her mind when she sees that Macbeth is still clutching the daggers he used to kill Duncan, and is therefore ruining the plan. She gets very angry and accuses him of being ‘Infirm of purpose!’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 55) and tells him the daggers ‘must lie there’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 52) But Macbeth refuses because he does not want to go back (‘I’ll go no more’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 53)) which means she must ‘get her hands dirty’ by going back and smearing blood over Duncan’s guards so it looks like they did the murder. Because of this, she is very annoyed with Macbeth as because of his incompetence she had to be involved, but she retains her strength telling him ‘my hands are of your colour, but I shame to wear a heart so white’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 67-8). As the scene comes to it’s dramatic climax, the contrasting attitudes and state of mind of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are shown and exaggerated further. Macbeth is very emotional and stressed, he seems to look at his hands as if they are someone else’s, saying ‘What hands are here? Ha: they pluck out mine eyes.’ (Act 2 Scene 2 Line 62) This shows how detached he is feeling from his own body, perhaps a instinctive result of the stress he has just gone through, his brain is trying to distance Macbeth from it. Macbeth uses very rich visual images to describe how he disagrees with Lady Macbeth’s notion that ‘A little water clears us of this deed’ (Act 2 Scene 2 Line 70) asking if ‘All Neptune’s oceans wash this blood clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red’. (Act 2 Scene 2 Lines 63-6) This conjures up a very vivid image in the audience’s mind’s of vast oceans turning red with blood from his hand, with words such as ‘multitudinous’ and ‘incarnadine’ adding to the image of excess, as they are almost onomatopoeic of the idea of vastness because the words themselves have many syllables. Then, this idea of enormous and excessive things is followed by a close-up image as Macbeth says ‘making the green one red’ (Act 2 Scene 2 Line 62) which focuses the image down into maybe a drop of blood making a small pool of green water red, because the words are monosyllabic and Macbeth uses the word ‘one’. The way Shakespeare has used short, simple words after the long, elaborate words increases the contrast from the big and the small. In contrast to Macbeth’s figurative contemplation, Lady Macbeth is not so deep in thought; her mind is still on the task in hand (quite literally) and if she is feeling any remorse or panic for what they have just done, she does not show any emotion at all in fact, apart from frustration for Macbeth because he is not being brave or strong like a man should be: ‘My hands are of your colour, but I shame to wear a heart so white’ (Act 2 Scene 2 Line 67-68). The knocking that comes towards the end of the scene succeeds in further racking up the tension. It instils a sense of urgency in the situation, that while Macbeth stands around, waiting for ‘occasion [to] call us and show us to be watchers’ (Act 2 Scene 2 Line 73-4), for the longer they wait there with the ‘filthy witness’ (Act 2 Scene 2 Line 50) on their hands, the more likely it is they are going to get caught red-handed. It is a harsh loud and repetitive noise that should bring Macbeth out of his inward turning thoughts, but as it does not it further shows how hard he is taking the stress. It brings out a bit of anxiousness in Lady Macbeth though, as she gets more and more tense as the knocking continues: ‘Hark! More knocking’ (Act 2 Scene 2 Line 72) Macbeth’s final words in this scene show his true emotion that he is feeling after the murder. He says ‘To know my deed, ’twere best not know myself’ (Act 2 Scene 2 Line 76) which seems as if he is asking for a kind of self-inflicted schizophrenia, so he doesn’t have to deal with the sorrow and regret he is feeling. But his very last line, ‘Wake Duncan with thy knocking; I would thou couldst.’ (Act 2, Scene 2, Line 77) shows his deep sadness, regret and sorrow for what he has done. In conclusion, the murder of King Duncan is dramatised by Shakespeare’s decision not to show the murder, instead shifting the focus onto the scenes preceding and following the offstage event, where suspense for the murder is built up in the audience’s minds using dark imagery, and emphasis is put on how Macbeth and Lady Macbeth begin to come to terms with what they have done and what lays ahead for them now they have committed this heinous crime.

Designing A Inventory System For Nike - 1407 Words

My company, partners with businesses and present management systems that help companies become more efficient. Recently, I had the privilege of attending a Microsoft conference that introduced Nike’s Chairman, President and CEO, Mark Parker as the guest speaker. Apparently, due to, demand fluctuations and stiff competition, Nike has an abundance of excess inventory. Upon hearing this startling revelation, I immediately thought about the Adapting Supply Chains to Tough Times, case study I read the other day. However, the problem that I discovered with Nike is that it has multiple locations, that all have different inventory needs. For instance, the Air Jordan X Retro â€Å"OVO† might sell well on the west coast, but not as well in the east. Therefore, my dilemma was to incorporate components of inventory management that would fit every location. Obviously, I had already begun envisioning an effective inventory system for Nike before being asked to do so. 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